Camera tips to help capture the perfect Aurora shots.

Feel like a professional photographer!

SCIENCE OF THE AURORA BOREALIS

1What Causes the Aurora?
One of Earth’s wondrous natural splendours, aurora borealis is the result of gaseous particles colliding in the atmosphere. Those electrons and protons, called solar flares, originate in the sun and are thrown violently from its atmosphere. As our planet rotates around the sun, only two percent of the particles make it through the Earth’s magnetic field, which funnel toward the north and south poles at incredibly high speeds after entry. The particles then morph into an excited state after hitting atoms and molecules in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, creating two glowing rings of auroral emission over the poles, known as auroral ovals. Most auroras are created between 100 and 1,000 km (60 to 620 miles) above the Earth’s surface.
2What Makes the Northern Lights Dance?
Scientists in 2008 made a remarkable discovery in their study of aurora, uncovering what makes the northern lights dance. Before the fascinating discovery, people could only postulate as to why the northern lights danced so majestically across the skyline. A fleet of five satellites stationed in the atmosphere and a ground-based team observed a magnetic storm that emanated 80,000 km from Earth, or a third the distance to the moon. The storm, caused by a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection, released colossal amounts of energy that scattered charged particles into the atmosphere. Ninety seconds after the substorm started, ground observatories witnessed a northern lights display brighten and dance across the sky. The scattered particles created the dancing effect, as seen and interpreted by the human eye. While scientists already knew the cause of the northern lights, their 2008 revelation confirmed what makes them dance and brighten.
3Can You Hear the Aurora?
Countless first-hand accounts attest to hearing sounds emitted from aurora borealis. People, as they behold the wondrously illuminating visual event, have described swishing, drumming, whooshing and crackling sounds coming directly from the northern lights. And while the theory hasn’t been categorically disproved, it is unlikely that aurora borealis emits sound. Donald Hampton, a research associate professor at the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks who studies space physics and aurora and auroral interactions with the upper atmosphere, said “there’s no way you’re actually getting sounds from the aurora itself.” That's because the northern lights are created in the upper atmosphere, between 100 and 160 kilometres above the Earth's surface, and it takes sound several seconds to travel a kilometre. "If you've ever counted after a lightning strike, it takes five seconds for sound to go a kilometre," Hampton said, so if sounds were coming from the northern lights themselves they would take five to 10 minutes to be heard on the ground. While Hampton and other researchers have compelling research to debunk the theory that aurora emits sound, they can’t irrefutably prove it. There is bundles of anecdotal evidence to support the contrary. So while the unproven phenomenon that aurora emits sound is extremely unlikely, there’s no harm, as you admire the northern lights’ beautiful colour medley, to keep an ear out just in case.
4Northern Lights Equals to Aurora?
In 1619 A.D., Galileo Galilei coined the term "aurora borealis" after Aurora, the Roman goddess of morning or dawn. The famous Italian astronomer thought incorrectly that auroras were due to sunlight reflecting from the atmosphere. Galileo used Borealis, god of the north wind, to complete the famous name. Galileo made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy and strength of materials. He was also influential in developing the scientific method.

LET'S TAKE SOME NICE PHOTOS

1Which Camera and Equipment are the best for Northern Lights?

Getting the most expensive equipment does not necessarily mean the best photography. The best photos are the pictures taken by your eyes and stored in your heart. ;)

Camera: Use a DSLR or mirrorless camera with manual settings.

Lens: A wide-angle lens (14-24mm) with a large aperture (f/2.8 or lower) is ideal.

Tripod: A sturdy tripod is essential to keep the camera steady during long exposures.

Battery: A spare battery is always a good idea since the cold weather can cause your battery to freeze and your camera to turn off. But fret not, it is not broken, and it will work perfectly after the battery is warmed up again!

According to Yellowknife Visitor Centre's recommendation for Aurora photography, you should set your ISO to at least 800 and leave your aperture open as wide as it can go (f/2.8 or lower). It is important to note that depending on the darkness of the skies, you may need a few adjustments to the camera settings for shutter speed (5-15 seconds).

2What should I lookout for when taking Aurora Photos?

Weather Forecasts: Aurora forecasts websites and apps are used for referencing only. A high level of Aurora Index does not guarantee a must-see as there are other factors that determine the visibility of the Northern Lights. For example, clear skies are essential. Monitor local weather forecasts to choose nights with minimal cloud cover.

Location: A dark location away from city lights with reduce light pollution is vital for good observation of Aurora activities. The darker the surroundings, the easier to spot the start of the waves of Aurora activities and the better the Aurora will stand out.

Dress Warmly: Auroras often occur in cold conditions, so dress in layers and bring warm accessories to stay comfortable during long periods outdoors.

3What Colour is the Aurora?
Different atoms in the Earth’s atmosphere, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, create the awe-inspiring spectrum of the northern lights. When in an animated state, the atoms produce a spectacular colour medley. Green is the most common colour and is produced when charged particles collide with oxygen molecules at altitudes of 100 to 300 km. Aurora borealis, to a lesser extent, produces pink, dark red, red, blue and purple. Hydrogen and helium molecules create the blue and purple, going against the norm. Those two colours are harder for the human eye to detect, but are just as spectacular.
4What are the 6 Types of Aurora?
Aurora Borealis comes in various forms and the main types of auroras are:
  • Curtains: The most common form, appearing as wave-like or curtain-like structures that can stretch across the sky.
  • Arcs: Often seen as a single band or arc of light that can extend across the horizon.
  • Bands: Similar to arcs but can have more defined edges and can sometimes break into multiple parallel bands.
  • Rays: Vertical streaks of light that shoot upwards, often seen within arcs and curtains.
  • Coronas: Rare and spectacular, they appear as a burst of light directly overhead, radiating outwards like spokes on a wheel.
  • Patches or Diffuse Aurora: These are less structured and appear as scattered patches or diffuse glows across the sky.

Frequently Asked

Questions

We are here to address your doubts and concerns travelling to Yellowknife. We ahve included as much as we can. If your questions are not answered in this section, please feel free to reach out through email.

Q&A about Yellowknife, NT, Canada

1Where is Yellowknife? How can I Get There?

Yellowknife is the capital city of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is located on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake (the tenth largest lake in the world!), close to the south of the Arctic Circle. It is the most thriving city of the Northwest Territories and is renowned for its stunning natural landscapes, culture and people.

2Do I book the tour first or buy my flight tickets first? (Package guests)
Please book with us and confirm your hotel package before purchasing flight tickets. It is important to note that in peak seasons, especially September, most rooms and dates are sold out. Therefore, planning ahead is vital for a flawless experience in Yellowknife with us! In addition, we do not provide air tickets booking services. Kindly provide us your flight itinerary after you book your flights so we could arrange airport transfer services for your trip with us!
3What are the differences between the main hotels in Yellowknife?

1. Chateau Nova Yellowknife

  • Description: A modern hotel located in the city center, offering comfortable rooms and a range of facilities including a restaurant and fitness center.
  • Breakfast: Included. Restaurant on main lobby next to the Front Office.
  • Distance to Downtown Independent Supermarket: Approximately 550 meters, 6 minutes walk.
  • Yellowknife Hotel Ranking: 4
  • Price Ranking: $$$

    • 2. Explorer Hotel

  • Description: Known for its luxurious accommodations and excellent service, the Explorer Hotel offers modern amenities and breathtaking views of the Northern Lights.
  • Breakfast: Included. Restaurant on main lobby next to the elavators.
  • Distance to Downtown Independent Supermarket: Approximately 300 meters, 3 minutes walk.
  • Yellowknife Hotel Ranking: 4
  • Price Ranking: $$$

    • 3. Quality Inn & Suites Yellowknife

  • Description: Centrally located, this hotel provides easy access to shopping and dining, with comfortable accommodations and essential amenities.
  • Breakfast: A continental breakfast is Included.
  • Distance to Downtown Independent Supermarket: Approximately 200 meters, 2 minutes walk.
  • Yellowknife Hotel Ranking: 2.5
  • Price Ranking: $$

    • 4. Nova Inn Yellowknife

  • Description: Offering clean and comfortable accommodations, this inn is suitable for both business and leisure travelers, with essential amenities and friendly service.
  • Breakfast: Not included; available at the on-site restaurant at your own cost.
  • Distance to Downtown Independent Supermarket: Approximately 400 meters, 4 minutes walk.
  • Yellowknife Hotel Ranking: 3
  • Price Ranking: $$

    • 5. Capital Suites Yellowknife

  • Description: This hotel offers spacious suites with kitchen facilities, making it ideal for extended stays and families. It is centrally located with easy access to local attractions.
  • Breakfast: Not included; suites with kitchen facilities allow for self-catering.
  • Distance to Downtown Independent Supermarket: Approximately 850 meters, 9minutes walk.
  • Yellowknife Hotel Ranking: 2.5
  • Price Ranking: $$

    • 4Which Airline should I take to get to Yellowknife?

    To get to Yellowknife, fly to a major Canadian city (Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, or Edmonton) and then take a connecting flight to Yellowknife Airport.

    The recommended Airlines are Air Canada and WestJet.

    Alternatively, Canadian North and Air North also provide connecting flights to Yellowknife.

    5When is the best time to see Aurora Borealis in Yellowknife?
    The best seasons for aurora viewing are as follows:
  • Autumn season starts in mid-Aug. till early Oct.
  • Winter season starts in early Dec. till mid -April.

    • We highly recommend our customer to stay at least 4 days and 3 nights.

    Statistics tell us that there is a 98% chance of aurora viewing if you stay 3 nights in Yellowknife.

    If you want to get more details of Aurora information, please visit: www.auroramax.com.

    6What is the average temperature in Yellowknife?

    In Autumn (August - October), temperatures range from 5°C to -15°C. It is common to have the first snowfall in mid-October. Your warm clothing will be needed to to stay cozy in the dip of temperature at night.

    Whilw temperatures in Yellowknife's Winter (December - March) are normally around -20 to -40 degree Celsius (https://yellowknife.weatherstats.ca/charts/temperature-yearly.html). Make sure you have the right clothing to tackle our Canada cold.

    7Do I need a Visa or eTA?

    The Canadian Government website has an updated list regarding the entry requirements for different nationalities entering Canada. Please refer to this link: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/entry-requirements-country.html

    To apply for an eTA, please use the following link: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/eta/apply.html

    To apply for a Visa, please use the following link: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/apply-visitor-visa.html

    *Special Note* Only an eTA is required for some Visa-required passport holders if you travel by air and met all requirements listed in: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/eta/eligibility/eta-x.html

    8What should I bring to Stay Warm?

    Aurora Borealis is usually at its vivid best on cold, clear nights. And the only thing that can tarnish your aurora-viewing experience is being ill-prepared for potentially bitterly cold temperatures.

    Wearing appropriate clothing for the experience is essential to getting the most out of your experience.

    To ensure optimal warmth and comfort, many NWT tour operators provide state-of-the-art northern outerwear. Stay warm and cozy from head to toe, even if the temperature dips to -40 degrees, by following the recommendations in the below wardrobe checklist.

    • A wool toque is suitable throughout the winter months. It covers your head, where most of the body’s heat escapes, and ears. It’s also comfortable and easily fits under a parka hood for colder days and nights. It’s also a good idea to wear a wool scarf, which will cover the leftover exposed areas on your face.
    • A down-filled parka with a fur-trimmed hood will ensure your face is protected from the elements. The best parkas withstand temperatures that plummet down to -50 degrees Celsius. Make sure you get a jacket large enough to fit comfortably over a wool sweater or fleece jacket.
    • Heavy duty lined mitts with cuffs that fit under your parka sleeves (or gauntlets that fit over them), will protect you from cold drafts around your wrists. Lined wind-kpants to wear over your regular jeans or trousers. The warmest are fitted with a front bib and shoulder straps, which preserve the body heat in your torso.
    • Knee-high boots with big rubber feet, nylon tops, and thick felt liners leaving lots of room for wool socks. Although it might take some time to get used to these unfamiliar wearables, nothing is relied upon more to keep your feet cozy and warm for lengthy outdoor excursions.

    Q&A about Yellowknife Tours

    1How to book a tour with Yellowknife Tours?
    We use email as the official channel for communications and to book package tours and activities.

    Please drop us an email to [email protected] and let us know how can we create a memorable experience in Yellowknife!

    2How many people in a tour?
    Each tour has its minimum required headcounts to materialize the activity. While our tours usually has a maximum capacity of 23 pax. In special occations, there might be a 39 seats bus used.
    3Do I get Free Airport Pick-up and Drop-off?
    Free airport transfer from Yellowknife Airport (YZF) to your designated hotel is guaranteed for all our package guests. We aim to provide a safe and hassle-free experience for your time in Yellowknife with us.
    4Will I be able to see Aurora? Do I get refund if I don't?

    Aurora is the nature's gift. Though Yellowknife is the best place for Aurora Viewing in the world because we are located under the Aurora Oval with the best angle to see Aurora and a high chance (over 250 times each year), seeing Aurora is not guaranteed by us.

    Unfortunately, there will be no refund for our tours unless it is cancelled from our side due to unforeseeable circumstances.

    5Is there Winter gear rental available?

    We have a full set of Winter gear for rent, including an Canada Goose top grade down parka, insulated snow pants, Sorel felt-duffle-line snow boots, lined mittens, an ear-covering hat, and a neck warmer.

  • All the winter gear rental is at a fixed price + 5% tax per day per person.
  • Due to the limited quantity of winter gears, we prioritize our Package guests and guests who join 4 activities or more.

    • If you need winter gear, please fill in the winter gear list for us to prepare in advance, please check out the website for sizes.

  • Parka: relaxed fit: http://www.canada-goose.com/ca/en/sizing-charts/sizing-charts.html
  • Boots: https://www.sorelfootwear.ca/on/demandware.store/Sites-Sorel_CA-Site/en_CA/SizeFit-Guide?pid=1750241&isPage=true&searchMethod=manualSearch&lang=en_CA
  • For the pants, please write down the daily wearing size will be fine.
    • 6What time are the activities starting?

    For Aurora tours, all pick-ups will be after 9pm and the tours will last for approximately 4 hours.

    For day tours, it depends on the nature of the activities. The earliest day tour starts at around 10am and all day tours will end before dinner time 6pm.

    7Can I drive to the activity site by myself? Do you provide activity pick-up & drop-off services?

    A lot of guests, especially local Canadians, rent or drove private vehicles to Yellowknife. However, as most tour locations are indegenous owned / private owned, unregistered cars are not allowed in. Hence, it is always encouraged to allow us pick you up from your hotel and drop you off back at your hotel.

    In addition to the hotel transfer locations, we cover all main hotels in Yellowknife for the convenience of our guests.

    8Is it possible to travel with limited mobility or with my precious pet together?

    Most day tours can be physically demanding and, thus, travelers in a wheelchair or using a walker may not be suitable to join for their own safety and that of other guests. For evening Aurora tours, the Aurora by Bus tour can accommodate guests using a walker if the guest is confident in getting on and off a 24-seat bus safely.

    Unfortunately, pets are not allowed on our coach tours, considering other guests may not be comfortable with pets around. However, travelers with guide dogs may consider arranging a private tour with us. Our company mascot, a mixed-breed French black and white hound, may even join the tour as your guide dog's guide, haha!

    9What are the acceptable Payment Methods?

    After the issuance of invoice from Yellowknife Tours, we will need a 50 % deposit within 14 days to secure your booking. The total balance has to be settled 30 days before you arrive.

    We accept the following payment methods:

  • 1. Remittance to our bank (possible extra handling fee) = CIBC bank info: https://rb.gy/vuz9ee

    Please send us the receipt once you have made the payment.

  • 2. E-mail transfer (Canada banks only) = [email protected]
  • 3. credit card (an additional charge of 3% required) = authorization form: https://rb.gy/5t8rop

    • Please note that American Express and Union Pay are not accepted.

    *Tour Guide Gratuity is not included in the tour price. If you are happy with our service, gratuity is highly appreciated.*

    10How much should I tip my tour guide?
    There is no fixed amount or percentage for tipping. If you feel the tour guide has done a great job, please feel free to tip.

    Generally, guests leave $15-20 at the end of their day or night tour.

    11What do I do if I need to Cancel my tours?

    A 50% deposit is required within 14 days of the issuance of invoice for your package / activity bookings with us to guarantee your reservation. Full payment must be received 30 days prior to the client’s arrival

    For activities: Complete payment is required 30 days prior to the guest's arrival.

  • Cancellation is allowed with a complete refund up to 48 days before the scheduled activity date.
  • Refunds are not available for cancellations made within 48 hours of the activity date.
  • Additional charge of 3% for credit card.

    • For activities: Complete payment is required 30 days prior to the guest's arrival.

  • Cancel in 45 days or more prior to arrival – 100% refund.
  • Cancel in 31 - 44 days prior to arrival – 50% cancellation fee of the total price.
  • 30 days or less prior to arrival – no refund.
  • *If the tour is refunded, there will be 3 % administration charge.

    • *Tour Guide Gratuity is not included in the tour price. If you are happy with our service, gratuity is appreciated.